In the males of many vertebrate species, sexual selection has led to the evolution of sexually dimorphic traits, which often are developmentally controlled by androgen signaling involving androgen response elements (AREs). Evolutionary changes in the number and genomic locations of AREs can modify patterns of receptor regulation and potentially alter gene expression. Here, we use recently sequenced primate genomes to evaluate the hypothesis that the strength of sexual selection is related to the genome-wide number of AREs in a diversifying lineage. In humans, we find a higher incidence of AREs near male-biased genes and androgen-responsive genes when compared to randomly selected genes from the genome. In a set of primates, we find that gains or losses of AREs proximal to genes are correlated with changes in male expression levels and the degree of sex-biased expression of those genes. In a larger set of primates, we find that increases in indicators of sexual selection are correlated with genome-wide ARE counts. Our results suggest that the responsiveness of the genome to androgens in humans and their close relatives has been shaped by sexual selection that arises from competition among males for mating access to females.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/evo.14483 | DOI Listing |
Animals (Basel)
January 2025
Wildlife Research Unit (UIRCP-UCO), University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain.
Sexual signals in animals encompass a variety of forms including visual, acoustic, and chemical signals that are fundamental for intra- and interspecific communication, including sexual selection processes. Among these, odor signals play a critical role. Chemical compounds involved in sexual signaling vary in nature, with lipids and proteins being particularly important.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr HIV/AIDS Rep
January 2025
Division of Global Health Equity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Purpose Of Review: Antimicrobial resistance in sexually transmitted infections (STIs) has become an urgent global public health threat, raising the specter of untreatable infections. This review summarizes the determinants of resistance among the five most common curable STIs Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Treponema pallidum, and Trichomonas vaginalis, as well as strategies to mitigate the spread of resistance.
Recent Findings: Genetic mutations are key drivers of resistance for N.
Int J Legal Med
January 2025
Faculté de Médecine, Institut Universitaire d'Anthropologie Médico-Légale, Université Côte d'Azur, 28 Avenue de Valombrose, Nice Cedex 2, 06107, France.
Sex estimation is an important part of skeletal analysis and forensic identification. Traditionally pelvic traits are utilized for accurate sex estimation. However, the long bones, especially humerus, have been proved to be as effective for determine the sex of the individual.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Fungi (Basel)
January 2025
School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
Since the domestication of plants, pathogenic fungi have consistently threatened crop production, evolving genetically to develop increased virulence under various selection pressures. Understanding their evolutionary trends is crucial for predicting and designing control measures against future disease outbreaks. This paper reviews the evolution of fungal pathogens from natural habitats to agricultural settings, focusing on eight significant phytopathogens: , , spp.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Ecol Evol
January 2025
Division of Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Commerce Six Road, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India.
Wings are primarily used in flight but also play a role in mating behaviour in many insects. Drosophila species exhibit a variety of pigmentation patterns on their wings. In some sexually dimorphic Drosophilids, a pigmented spot pattern is found at the top-right edge of the male wings.
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