Secondary glaucoma caused by a special type of persistent fetal vasculature.

Purpose: To investigate the clinical features and surgical outcomes in infants with glaucoma secondary to a special anterior-anterior type of persistent fetal vasculature (AAPFV).

Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed the medical records of infants who underwent of the synechialysis, pupilloplasty, with or without lensectomy and limbal vitrectomy due to AAPFV and with at least 6 months of postoperative follow-up.

Results: Eleven patients were included. The median age at surgery was 4.0 months (interquartile range: 7 months). The mean follow-up was 21.0 ± 11.3 months. All patients achieved a normal anterior chamber, improved pupillary configuration, and normal intraocular pressure (IOP), except one that developed phthisis bulbi at the last visit. A total of 81.8% (9/11) eyes exhibited improved corneal transparency. Histopathologic findings of four pupillary membranous specimens under light microscopy showed similar components compared with PFV. Two eyes developed postoperative complications, including retinal detachment and hyphema, requiring additional surgeries. Postoperative visual acuity changed from no light perception to light perception in 6/9 patients.

Conclusions: AAPFV is a special type of PFV with a potential for secondary glaucoma. Surgery treatment may offer better vision with improved cosmetic outcomes and a better controlled IOP.

Trial Registration: The study was approved by the local institutional review board (IRB) (Approval No. XHEC-D-2021-043, Ethical Committee of Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China).