The antibody-coated bacteria (ACB) test is a helpful adjunct for differentiating pyelonephritis from cystitis in the intact urinary tract, particularly in female patients. This test was used in patients with ileal conduits and infected urine in an attempt to determine whether bacilluria was of renal or conduit origin. Every patient with infected conduit urine had a positive ACB test even though no patient had clinical stigmas of acute pyelonephritis. In patients with ileal conduits, the ACB test cannot be used alone as an indicator that bacilluria is a cause of symptoms or renal damage.
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