Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 143
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 143
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 209
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 994
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3134
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Recent epidemiological studies have attempted to accurately determine the risk of breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL). However, comparisons of previously published works are difficult due to widespread variations in reporting. We systematically review the epidemiology in order to better define the current risk of BIA-ALCL. Herein, we report the global epidemiology with an emphasis on the U.S. breast implant population while simultaneously assessing the oncologic safety of smooth-surface devices. In the current manuscript, a systematic review of PubMed and other scientific databases, as well as the grey literature, was conducted for epidemiologic studies on BIA-ALCL. Using analytical and descriptive epidemiology, we estimated the cumulative incidence and incidence rate of BIA-ALCL using a standardized approach. Cumulative incidence was reported at implant and patient-specific levels. The patient-specific cumulative risk within the U.S. market ranges from 1.79 per 1,000 (1:559) to 2.82 per 1,000 (1:355) patients with a textured implant. The implant-specific risk of Allergan textured devices ranges from 1:602-871 to 1:8,500, while the risk of commercially available Mentor Siltex implants is 1:50,000. No epidemiological study or regulatory agency reported a case of BIA-ALCL occurring exclusively with a smooth device. As such, with the removal of Allergan textured breast devices, this study demonstrates substantial gaps in the epidemiological knowledge of BIA-ALCL, including the current risk of commercially available textured breast implants in the U.S. market. Although the risk of BIA-ALCL is low, surgeons should exercise extreme caution when considering the use of a textured breast device for cosmetic or reconstructive purposes.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9000366 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/abs-20-96 | DOI Listing |
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