A selectivity filter mutation provides insights into gating regulation of a K channel.

G-protein coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels are key players in inhibitory neurotransmission in heart and brain. We conducted molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the effect of a selectivity filter (SF) mutation, G154S, on GIRK2 structure and function. We observe mutation-induced loss of selectivity, changes in ion occupancy and altered filter geometry. Unexpectedly, we reveal aberrant SF dynamics in the mutant to be correlated with motions in the binding site of the channel activator Gβγ. This coupling is corroborated by electrophysiological experiments, revealing that GIRK2 activation by Gβγ reduces the affinity of Ba block. We further present a functional characterization of the human GIRK2 mutant validating our computational findings. This study identifies an allosteric connection between the SF and a crucial activator binding site. This allosteric gating mechanism may also apply to other potassium channels that are modulated by accessory proteins.