The dry impinger method is commonly used for the determination of condensable particulate matter (CPM) emissions. The coil and chamber condenser is used to build different dry impinger methods for CPM sampling. The comparative analysis of coil and chamber condenser is performed in a laboratory experiment to evaluate the deviation caused by SO. Results showed that the positive deviation caused by SO in the chamber condenser is lower than that in the coil condenser under the same sampling conditions, especially under high humidity flue gas. The CPM emission characteristics from Hanchuan coal-fired power plant (CFPP) determined by both dry impinger methods are also investigated as well. The CPM and its most water-soluble ions (e.g., F, Cl, NO, SO, Na, Ca and NH) measured by method #2 (chamber condenser) are higher than that of method #1 (coil condenser). In addition, the esters in the CPM also increased with the CPM concentrations. Based on above evidences, it can be inferred that the dry impinger method with chamber condenser, will be recommended as the appropriate method for measuring CPM emitted from stationary sources, especially under the high humidity flue gas conditions.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155002 | DOI Listing |
Pharmaceutics
August 2024
Pharmacy Discipline, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
Ivermectin (IVM), a drug originally used for treating parasitic infections, is being explored for its potential applications in cancer therapy. Despite the promising anti-cancer effects of IVM, its low water solubility limits its bioavailability and, consequently, its biological efficacy as an oral formulation. To overcome this challenge, our research focused on developing IVM-loaded lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPHNPs) designed for potential pulmonary administration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAAPS PharmSciTech
May 2024
College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan.
Although inhalation therapy represents a promising drug delivery route for the treatment of respiratory diseases, the real-time evaluation of lung drug deposition remains an area yet to be fully explored. To evaluate the utility of the photo reflection method (PRM) as a real-time non-invasive monitoring of pulmonary drug delivery, the relationship between particle emission signals measured by the PRM and in vitro inhalation performance was evaluated in this study. Symbicort® Turbuhaler® was used as a model dry powder inhaler.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecules
April 2024
Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
There is a pressing need for efficacious therapies in the field of respiratory diseases and infections. Lipid nanocarriers, administered through aerosols, represent a promising tool for maximizing therapeutic concentration in targeted cells and minimizing systemic exposure. However, this approach requires the application of efficient and safe nanomaterials.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmaceuticals (Basel)
December 2023
Mines Saint-Etienne, Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, INSERM, Sainbiose U1059, Centre CIS, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France.
This work aims to investigate bronchodilator delivery with the use of different vaping drug delivery systems (VDDS) by determining the dose equivalence delivered in relation to different references: a clinical jet nebulizer, a pMDI (pressurized metered dose inhaler) and a DPI (dry powder inhaler). Three different bronchodilators were used (terbutaline, salbutamol hemisulfate, ipratropium bromide). The e-liquids contained the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in powder form.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Pharm Bull
November 2023
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Purpose: In this study, we prepared inhalable buserelin microparticles using the spray freeze-drying (SFD) method for pulmonary drug delivery. Raffinose as a cryoprotectant carrier was combined with two levels of five different cyclodextrins (CDs) and then processed by SFD.
Methods: Dry powder diameters were evaluated by laser light scattering and morphology was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
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