To effectively navigate their environments, infants and children learn how to recognize events predict salient outcomes, such as rewards or punishments. Relatively little is known about how children acquire this ability to attach value to the stimuli they encounter. Studies often examine children's ability to learn about rewards and threats using either classical conditioning or behavioral choice paradigms. Here, we assess both approaches and find that they yield different outcomes in terms of which individuals had efficiently learned the value of information presented to them. The findings offer new insights into understanding how to assess different facets of value learning in children.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-09894-3 | DOI Listing |
J Surg Res
January 2025
Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio. Electronic address:
Introduction: Child Opportunity Index (COI) is associated with complicated appendicitis (CA) in children. Value-based care through an accountable care organization (ACO) may modify this association. We aimed to determine if enrollment in our state's ACO, Partners For Kids (PFK), modified the association between COI and CA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrev Chronic Dis
January 2025
Division of Foundational Sciences, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, New York.
Introduction: Early childhood caries (ECC), dental cavities in children younger than 6 years, is common, consequential, and inequitably concentrated among socially disadvantaged children. The World Health Organization and authoritative clinical and public health agencies promote 4 chronic disease management (CDM) approaches that are low-cost and can be delivered in home and community sites: pharmacologic, behavioral, monitoring, and minimally invasive dentistry (MID). The extent of adoption of these approaches among US pediatric dentists is unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Pers Soc Psychol
December 2024
Department of Psychology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
Why do people not perceive their close others accurately, although they have ample information about them? We propose that one reason for such errors may be bias based on personal values. Personal values may serve as schemas defining what people see as positive, and thus affect perceptions of others' behavior, values, and traits. We propose that, in close relationships, people see others as sharing their own values.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Cardiovasc Imaging
December 2024
Divisions of Cardiology, Children's National Hospital, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Science, Washington, DC, USA.
Post-operative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is standard of care to evaluate for residual disease and quality of surgical repair. The residual lesion score (RLS) as defined by the pediatric heart network explored the impact of residual lesions on outcomes using discharge transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE). In tetralogy of fallot with pulmonary stenosis (TOF/PS), the residual right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) gradient is one marker of quality of repair.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Public Health Dent
December 2024
College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
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