Deep-sea benthic communities from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica, were sampled in JanuaryApril 2005 in an area located between 61S70S and 0W49W. We found a total of eight ascidian species that belong to five different families, of which one corresponded to a new species. These were: Protoholozoa pedunculata Kott, 1969; Corynascidia suhmi Herdman, 1882; Styela andeepensis Maggioni Tatin sp. nov.; Culeolus suhmi Herman, 1881; Culeolus anonymus Monniot F. Monniot C., 1976; Culeolus likae Sanamyan K. Sanamyan N., 2002; Oligotrema lyra (Monniot C. Monniot F., 1973) and Asajirus indicus (Oka, 1913). We report: the extension of the known distribution ranges of P. pedunculata, Corynascidia suhmi, Culeolus suhmi, C. likae and A. indicus, being the first time they are collected from the Weddell Sea; and the shallowest record of C. likae. Six species were added to the list of ascidians of the Weddell Sea, being all deep-sea representatives. While the total number of ascidian species augmented from 43 to 49, the number of deep-sea representatives increased from 23 to 29. Our findings, thus, reinforce the need of performing more deep-sea prospections in the area.
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