J Public Health Manag Pract
Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Atlanta, Georgia (Dr Grome); Division of Communicable and Environmental Diseases and Emergency Preparedness, Tennessee Department of Health, Nashville, Tennessee (Drs Grome, Fill, Jones, and Dunn and Mr Katz); and Departments of Biostatistics (Dr Raman) and Health Policy (Dr Schaffner), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
Published: July 2022
Context: It is well established that rural communities face geographic and socioeconomic challenges linked to higher rates of health disparities across the United States, though the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) impact on rural communities is less certain.
Objective: To understand the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on rural communities in Tennessee, investigate differences in rural-urban mortality rates after controlling for confounding variables, and inform state pandemic response policy.
Design: A cross-sectional analysis of cumulative COVID-19 morality rates.
Setting/participants: Tennessee county-level COVID-19 mortality data from March 1, 2020, to January 31, 2021, were matched with county-level sociodemographic and health data from public datasets: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Social Determinants of Health, PLACES: Local Data for Better Health County Data, and the US Census Bureau. County status was defined using the 2013 National Center for Health Statistics Urban-Rural Classification.
Main Outcome Measures: A negative binomial regression model estimated adjusted incidence rate ratio and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for rural compared with urban mortality. Unadjusted rate ratios and rate differences for COVID-19 mortality in rural versus urban counties were compared with those for influenza and pneumonia and all-cause mortality over the past 5 years.
Results: During the study period, 9650 COVID-19 deaths occurred across 42 urban and 53 rural counties. Controlling for county-level sociodemographic characteristics, health care access, and comorbidities, incidence rate ratio was 1.13 (95% CI, 1.00-1.28, P < .05) for rural as compared with urban deaths. Unadjusted COVID-19 mortality risk difference between rural and urban counties was greater (61.85, 95% CI, 54.31-69.31) than 5-year influenza and pneumonia rural-urban risk difference (12.57, 95% CI, 11.16-13.00) during 2015-2019.
Conclusions: COVID-19 mortality rates were greater for populations living in Tennessee's rural as compared with urban counties during the study period. This differential impact must be considered in public health decision making to mitigate COVID-19.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9307261 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000001507 | DOI Listing |
Background: Molnupiravir (MOV) is an orally bioavailable ribonucleoside with antiviral activity against all tested SARS-CoV-2 variants. We describe the demographic, clinical, and treatment characteristics of non-hospitalized Danish patients treated with MOV and their clinical outcomes following MOV initiation.
Method: Among all adults (>18 years) who received MOV between 16 December 2021 and 30 April 2022 in an outpatient setting in Denmark, we summarized their demographic and clinical characteristics at baseline and post-MOV outcomes using descriptive statistics.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)
January 2025
Boston College, William F. Connell School of Nursing, Boston, MA, United States.
Background: The effect of antidiabetic agents on mortality outcomes is unclear for individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) who are hospitalized for COVID-19.
Purpose: To examine the relationship between antidiabetic agent use and clinical outcomes in individuals with DM hospitalized for COVID-19.
Methods: A systematic review of the literature (2020-2024) was performed across five databases.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is known for its severe inflammatory response, often leading to multi-organ dysfunction. Among the less-recognized complications is COVID-19-associated encephalopathy, particularly in the elderly, where it contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality. This report explores the rapid neurocognitive decline observed in six hospitalized patients with COVID-19, with or without pre-existing neurological conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPeerJ
January 2025
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences-Adana Health Practice and Research Center, Adana, Turkey.
Aim: Optimal treatment of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is still unclear. It has been reported that the use of different doses of corticosteroid treatments may reduce mortality. In our study, we aimed to find the effect of corticosteroid treatment dose on mortality of patients followed up in intensive care due to COVID-19.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Mol Biosci
January 2025
Research Department, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.
Introduction: COVID-19 severity and high in-hospital mortality are often associated with severe hypoxemia, hyperlactatemia, and acidosis, yet the key players driving this association remain unclear. It is generally assumed that organ damage causes toxic acidosis, but since neutrophil numbers in severe COVID-19 can exceed 80% of the total circulating leukocytes, we asked if metabolic acidosis mediated by the glycolytic neutrophils is associated with lung damage and impaired oxygen delivery in critically ill patients.
Methods: Based on prospective mortality outcome, critically ill COVID-19 patients were divided into ICU- survivors and ICU-non-survivors.
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