Human immune deficiency virus conundrum: An everlasting challenge!

Oman J Ophthalmol

Department of Ophthalmology, SP Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India.

Published: March 2022

Background: Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) causes a wide spectrum of diseases worldwide and has the capability to affect every organ system in the body. Ocular manifestations have been reported in up to 70% of individuals infected with HIV and the ocular manifestations reflect systemic disease and maybe the first sign of disseminated infection.

Purpose: To study the pattern of ocular manifestations related to HIV in seropositive patients with the objective of identifying its spectrum in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era and to emphasize on the role of ophthalmologists in fighting the battle against HIV.

Materials And Methods: A cross sectional study was undertaken on 300 HIV positive patients. Data were collected, tabulated and analyzed using MSTAT software. Chi-square test was applied and < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results: Ocular lesions were observed in 50.33% of patients. Conjunctival microvasculopathy being the most common finding seen in 27 (9%) patients, followed by retinal microvasculopathy and trichomegaly in 20 (6.66%) patients each. Herpes zoster ophthalmicus and cytomegalovirus retinitis were observed in four (1.33%) and three (1%) patients respectively. In the study 78.33% patients were on ART.

Conclusion: HAART has reduced serious ocular opportunistic infections and ocular malignancies, but HAART mediated visually disabling immune recovery uveitis has emerged as a clinical challenge for ophthalmologists. Improved communication between the two broad specialties of HIV medicine and ophthalmology will definitely go a long way in the battle against this dreadful disease.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8979399PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ojo.ojo_125_21DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

ocular manifestations
12
human immune
8
immune deficiency
8
deficiency virus
8
patients
7
ocular
6
hiv
5
virus conundrum
4
conundrum everlasting
4
everlasting challenge!
4

Similar Publications

Retinal capillary hemangioma in a pthisical globe: Late sequelae in a case of Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease presenting with endophthalmitis.

Int J Surg Case Rep

January 2025

Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address:

Introduction: Retinal capillary hemangioma (RCH) is a benign vascular hamartoma that can occur sporadically or as a manifestation of Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. If left untreated, it results in adverse ocular complications depending on its location and eventual visual loss.

Case Presentation: We present a 50-year-old man who was a known case of VHL with history of left eye vision loss in the left eye at the age of 30 years.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a widespread viral illness, has been linked to a range of respiratory and other systemic symptoms. Along with the respiratory symptoms caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), many extrapulmonary manifestations have also been reported. This study was conducted to report the ocular manifestations of COVID-19 in confirmed cases from the Qassim region, of Saudi Arabia.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Purpose: To report the occurrence of AMN (Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy) in a Behçet Disease (BD) patient during an active systemic inflammatory relapse and to describe the SD-OCT features of this entity.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective observational case report of a patient who presented with an AMN during a BD associated ocular inflammation (Saint Pierre Hospital, Brussels, Belgium). Clinical record and imaging, including infrared reflectance image (IR) and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), were analyzed.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The rapid advancements in the field of genetics have significantly propelled the development of gene therapies, paving the way for innovative treatments of various hereditary disorders. This review focuses on the genetics of ophthalmologic conditions, highlighting the currently approved ophthalmic gene therapy and exploring emerging therapeutic strategies under development. Inherited retinal dystrophies represent a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders that manifest across a broad spectrum from infancy to late middle age.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

[A 14-year-old boy with painful oral lesions].

Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd

January 2025

Maasstad Ziekenhuis, afd. Kindergeneeskunde, Rotterdam.

This case concerns a boy presenting with oral pain and multiple mucocutaneous lesions such as mucositis, conjunctivitis, and a rash on the trunk, extremities, and genitalia. The presence of mild respiratory complaints raised suspicion of an extrapulmonary manifestation of , known as -induced Rash and Mucositis (MIRM). The patient underwent conservative treatment and was monitored to prevent chronic sequels such as ocular damage or sicca keratoconjunctivits.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?

Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!