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Gene expression profile and injury sites in mice treated with Shiga toxin 2 and lipopolysaccharide as a Shiga toxin-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome model. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are linked to hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and have been studied using mouse models to understand their effects on the kidneys.
  • Analysis revealed significant changes in gene expression in mouse kidneys at two time points after LPS/Stx2 exposure, indicating that the distal nephron is particularly affected.
  • The study identified specific downregulated genes associated with kidney cells, suggesting that injury primarily occurs in the distal convoluted tubule 2 and principal cells, which are crucial for kidney function.

Article Abstract

Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contribute to the development of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Mouse models of HUS induced by LPS/Stx2 have been used for elucidating HUS pathophysiology and for therapeutic development. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and detailed injury sites in this model remain unknown. We analyzed mouse kidneys after LPS/Stx2 administration using microarrays. Decreased urinary osmolality and urinary potassium were observed after LPS/Stx2 administration, suggestive of distal nephron disorders. A total of 1,212 and 1,016 differentially expressed genes were identified in microarrays at 6 h and 72 h after LPS/Stx2 administration, respectively, compared with those in controls. Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed activation of TNFR1/2, iNOS, and IL-6 signaling at both time points, and inhibition of pathways associated with lipid metabolism at 72 h only. The strongly downregulated genes in the 72-h group were expressed in the distal nephrons. In particular, genes associated with distal convoluted tubule (DCT) 2/connecting tubule (CNT) and principal cells of the cortical collecting duct (CCD) were downregulated to a greater extent than those associated with DCT1 and intercalated cells. Stx receptor globotriaosylceramide 3 (Gb3) revealed no colocalization with DCT1-specific PVALB and intercalated cell-specific SLC26A4 but did present colocalization with SLC12A3 (present in both DCT1 and DCT2), and AQP2 in principal cells. Gb3 localization tended to coincide with the segment in which the downregulated genes were present. Thus, the LPS/Stx2-induced kidney injury model represents damage to DCT2/CNT and principal cells in the CCD, based on molecular, biological, and physiological findings.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00124.2021DOI Listing

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