AI Article Synopsis
- Ectomycorrhizal fungi, like Lactarius species, form beneficial partnerships with woody plants in forests, but their host specificity mechanisms are not well understood.
- Genome sequencing of seven Lactarius species revealed that they have significantly larger genomes than other Russulales fungi, primarily due to transposable elements, and specific gene expansions related to their ecology.
- The presence of specialized genes, such as proteases and lectins, may contribute to the unique host specificity of Lactarius fungi, indicating diverse genomic adaptations within this group.
Article Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal fungi play a key role in forests by establishing mutualistic symbioses with woody plants. Genome analyses have identified conserved symbiosis-related traits among ectomycorrhizal fungal species, but the molecular mechanisms underlying host specificity remain poorly known. We sequenced and compared the genomes of seven species of milk-cap fungi (Lactarius, Russulales) with contrasting host specificity. We also compared these genomes with those of symbiotic and saprotrophic Russulales species, aiming to identify genes involved in their ecology and host specificity. The size of Lactarius genomes is significantly larger than other Russulales species, owing to a massive accumulation of transposable elements and duplication of dispensable genes. As expected, their repertoire of genes coding for plant cell wall-degrading enzymes is restricted, but they retained a substantial set of genes involved in microbial cell wall degradation. Notably, Lactarius species showed a striking expansion of genes encoding proteases, such as secreted ectomycorrhiza-induced sedolisins. A high copy number of genes coding for small secreted LysM proteins and Lactarius-specific lectins were detected, which may be linked to host specificity. This study revealed a large diversity in the genome landscapes and gene repertoires within Russulaceae. The known host specificity of Lactarius symbionts may be related to mycorrhiza-induced species-specific genes, including secreted sedolisins.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.18143 | DOI Listing |
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