A multiple functional supramolecular system for synergetic treatments of hepatocellular carcinoma.

In the current times, achieving specific targeted and controllable drug delivery remains one of the major challenges in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study reported the development of a multiple functional indocyanine green (ICG)-cyclodextrin (CD) system, wherein loaded etoposide (EPS) was used as the model chemotherapeutic drug. In the developed system, ICG segment served as a photosensitizer for photothermal therapy (PTT) and the targeting moiety, which was primarily attributed to the specific retention properties in HCC tissues. The Ex vivo evaluation showed that ICG-CD@EPS exhibited a laser-triggered release profile with the photothermal efficiency and cytotoxicity towards HepG2 cells. In vivo evaluation suggested that ICG could navigate the systems to HCC tissues and retained at the site for 48 h, producing a drug accumulation in HCC. Further, laser irradiation boosted EPS release and local hyperthermia effects in HCC. Thus, the present study explored a novel and specific HCC targeting mechanism, and provided a feasible and controllable strategy for synergistic PTT and chemotherapy treatments for HCC.