Increased Risk of Migraine among Students with Asthma: Results of Headache and Asthma Study among University Students.

Background: Several studies in developed countries have investigated the relationship between migraine and asthma.

Objective: To examine the relationship between asthma and migraine among university students in a low middle-income country.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study across three universities in the middle belt region of Nigeria. A self-administered questionnaire developed from the International Classification of Headache Disorders was used to screen for migraine. The European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) survey tool screened for asthma and its related conditions. Migraine was diagnosed in subjects with recurrent, moderate to severe unilateral throbbing headaches associated with nausea, vomiting, or visual disturbances. Asthma was defined as reporting a previous asthma attack or currently taking asthma medication within the preceding 12 months.

Results: The frequency of asthma was significantly higher among those with migraine than those without migraine (28.6% vs. 9.0%). Conversely, migraine was significantly prevalent in participants with asthma (7.1%vs. 1.9%). On multivariate analysis, there were significant associations between migraine and asthma [aOR = 2.56 (95% CI 1.15-5.77)]. Other factors associated with migraine were female gender [aOR = 2.22 (95% CI 1.06-4.65)] and family history of recurrent headache in firstdegree relatives [aOR = 4.03 (95% CI 1.15-5.77)].

Conclusion: Our study shows an increased frequency and risk of migraine in participants diagnosed with asthma and vice versa. These results support the bidirectional association between migraine and asthma. Physicians, therefore, should be aware of the possibility of migraine in patients with asthma who complain of headaches.