Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious stress-related disorder caused by traumatic experiences. However, identifying a key therapy that can be used for PTSD treatment remains difficult. Ketamine, a well-known dissociative anesthetic, is considered safe to be used in anesthesia, pain management, and antidepressant actions since 1970. At present, it is still controversial whether PTSD can be treated with ketamine. The authors performed a meta-analysis to determine whether the use of perioperative ketamine lowers the incidence of PTSD.
Methods: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched to examine the use of ketamine for the treatment of PTSD among soldiers with combating experience. Studies were included if they were randomized placebo-controlled, case-control, and cohort studies. The primary outcome was the incidence of PTSD in the later stage of the wounded or burn soldiers. The secondary outcome was the influence of ketamine on PTSD-scale scores for early and chronic PTSD, respectively.
Results: Our search yielded a total of three studies ( = 503 patients) comparing the use of ketamine ( = 349) to control ( = 154). The available evidence showed no significant difference in the incidence of PTSD between combatant soldiers on the battlefield with or without ketamine treatment (risk ratio = 0.81, 95% CI, 0.63-1.04; = 0.10). In 65 patients from three trials, ketamine was not only ineffective in treating early PTSD but also lead to exacerbation of the disease (risk ratio = 2.45, 95% CI, 1.33-3.58; < 0.001). However, in 91 patients from the other three trials, ketamine is effective in treating chronic PTSD (risk ratio = -3.66, 95% CI, -7.05 to -0.27; = 0.03).
Conclusion: Ketamine was not effective on lower the PTSD incidence for soldiers on the battlefield, nor on the PTSD-scale scores in early PTSD patients. However, it may improve the PTSD-scale scores for chronic conditions.
Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021255516, PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42021255516.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.813103 | DOI Listing |
Psychol Trauma
January 2025
Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Saarland University.
Objective: The way we interpret information shapes our perception of reality. Predictive processing frameworks propose that the ability to update interpretations based on disconfirming information is key to recovery from potentially traumatic events (PTEs). However, direct evidence for this assumption is scarce and comes from studies using paradigms with low ecological validity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Background: Although many studies have shown that traumatic brain injury (TBI) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) regardless of their severity, are associated with a significantly increased risk of all-cause dementia, the specific pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie these associations remain poorly understood, resulting in discordance findings among different studies and contradictory claims in the current literature. In this study we investigated the effect of TBI and PTSD on the level of amyloid, tau, as well as markers of small vessel health including white matter hyperintensity and perivascular spaces and consequently assessed their effect on the cognitive function in order to understand the pathways through which TBI and PTSD may result in dementia.
Method: The participants in this study were MCI cases drawn from the ADNI-DOD (n=58).
Background: Members of the Fire Department of New York (FDNY) who responded to the World Trade Center (WTC) attacks that occurred on 9/11/2001 were exposed to severe trauma. The present study screened for cognitive impairment in a prospective cohort study of FDNY fire fighters and emergency personnel who reside in the greater NYC metropolitan area.
Method: A large sample (n = 338) of FDNY personnel who were exposed to the WTC attacks were recruited to complete a large battery of neuropsychiatric and psychological tests.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Brain Health Center, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
Background: Over 2.5 million LGBTQIA+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, asexual or another sexual and/or gender minority identity) adults in the U.S.
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