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Elucidations of Molecular Mechanism and Mechanistic Effects of Environmental Toxicants in Neurological Disorders. | LitMetric

Elucidations of Molecular Mechanism and Mechanistic Effects of Environmental Toxicants in Neurological Disorders.

CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets

Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Cell Culture and Immunobiochemistry Lab, Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat 391760, India.

Published: December 2022

AI Article Synopsis

  • Rising environmental and public health concerns highlight the continuous exposure of human populations to environmental toxicants, particularly physical and chemical mutagens, which negatively impact neurological health.
  • Physical mutagens like UV and X-rays lead to neuroinflammation, cognitive issues, and increase the risk of neurodegenerative diseases by disrupting neuronal functions.
  • Chemical mutagens, including certain heavy metals like cadmium and arsenic, cause DNA damage and cellular dysfunction, further contributing to neurological disorders and complications.

Article Abstract

Due to rising environmental and global public health concerns associated with environmental contamination, human populations are continually being exposed to environmental toxicants, including physical chemical mutagens widespread in our environment causing adverse consequences and inducing a variety of neurological disorders in humans. Physical mutagens comprise ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, such as UV rays, IR rays, X-rays, which produces a broad spectrum of neuronal destruction, including neuroinflammation, genetic instability, enhanced oxidative stress driving mitochondrial damage in the human neuronal antecedent cells, cognitive impairment due to alterations in neuronal function, especially in synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis repression, modifications in mature neuronal networks drives to enhanced neurodegenerative risk. Chemical Mutagens including alkylating agents (EMS, NM, MMS, and NTG), Hydroxylamine, nitrous acid, sodium azide, halouracils are the major toxic mutagen in our environment and have been associated with neurological disorders. These chemical mutagens create dimers of pyrimidine that cause DNA damage that leads to ROS generation producing mutations, chromosomal abnormalities, genotoxicity which leads to increased neurodegenerative risk. The toxicity of four heavy metal including Cd, As, Pb, Hg is mostly responsible for complicated neurological disorders in humans. Cadmium exposure can enhance the permeability of the BBB and penetrate the brain, driving brain intracellular accumulation, cellular dysfunction, and cerebral edema. Arsenic exerts its toxic effect by induction of ROS production in neuronal cells. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanism and mechanistic effects of mutagens in the environment and their role in multiple neurological disorders.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871527321666220329103610DOI Listing

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