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Interleaved and simultaneous multi-nuclear magnetic resonance in vivo. Review of principles, applications and potential. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Magnetic resonance signals from different nuclei can now be captured simultaneously, which shortens scan times and allows for more comprehensive data collection from various anatomical positions in clinical and research settings.
  • This technique enhances the quality of the data by combining non-proton MR signals with hydrogen information, improving results in longer scans and aiding in image registration.
  • The review discusses existing studies, mainly focusing on brain and muscle applications, and proposes clear terminology to better understand the evolving field of interleaved and simultaneous multi-nuclear MRI and MRS in living organisms.

Article Abstract

Magnetic resonance signals from different nuclei can be excited or received at the same time,rendering simultaneous or rapidly interleaved multi-nuclear acquisitions feasible. The advan-tages are a reduction of total scan time compared to sequential multi-nuclear acquisitions or that additional information from heteronuclear data is obtained at thesame time and anatomical position. Information content can be qualitatively increased by delivering a more comprehensive MR-based picture of a transient state (such as an exercise bout). Also, combiningnon-proton MR acquisitions with Hinformation (e.g., dynamic shim updates and motion correction) can be used to improve data quality during long scans and benefits image coregistration. This work reviews the literature on interleaved and simultaneous multi-nuclear MRI and MRS in vivo. Prominent use cases for this methodology in clinical and research applications are brain and muscle, but studies have also been carried out in other targets, including the lung, knee, breast and heart. Simultaneous multi-nuclear measurements in the liver and kidney have also been performed, but exclusively in rodents. In this review, a consistent nomenclature is proposed, to help clarify the terminology used for this principle throughout the literature on in-vivo MR. An overview covers the basic principles, the technical requirements on the MR scanner and the implementations realised either by MR system vendors or research groups, from the early days until today. Considerations regarding the multi-tuned RF coils required and heteronuclear polarisation interactions are briefly discussed, and fields for future in-vivo applications for interleaved multi-nuclear MR pulse sequences are identified.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9542607PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nbm.4735DOI Listing

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