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Effects of nonoxynol-9 (N-9) on sperm functions: systematic review and meta-analysis. | LitMetric

Effects of nonoxynol-9 (N-9) on sperm functions: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Reprod Fertil

Assisted Reproductive Technology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.

Published: January 2022

AI Article Synopsis

  • A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the effects of nonoxynol-9 (N-9), a spermicide, on human sperm motility and structure based on phase I and II clinical trials.
  • Results showed that treatment with N-9 decreased the number of progressive motile sperm and shortened their penetration distance, while also damaging sperm structures like the acrosome and mitochondria.
  • Overall, the findings indicate that N-9 significantly impairs sperm function, leading to reduced motility and increased risk of contraceptive failure despite its long history of use as a spermicide.

Article Abstract

Objective: To summarize the currently available phase I and II clinical trials of the effects of nonoxynol-9 (N-9) on human sperm structure and functions.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis aiming to evaluate the spermicidal activity of N-9 on motility, was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases by 10 March 2021. The counted numbers of progressive motile (PR) sperm in cervical mucus and the vanguard sperm penetration distances were analyzed. Other effects on sperm structures and physiological activities were reviewed as well.

Results: In the pooled results, percentages or counted numbers of PR sperm decreased after the treatment of N-9. Vanguard sperm penetration distance was shortened in treated groups. N-9 has been confirmed to damage the structures of sperm, as well as other organelles like acrosome and mitochondria. The physiological activities such as generation of reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase activity, acrosin activity, and hemizona binding were all inhibited in the reviewed studies.

Conclusions: N-9 has several impacts on sperm owing to its potency in reducing sperm motility and cervical mucus penetration, as well as other functional competencies.

Lay Summary: Nonoxynol-9 (N-9) has been used worldwide as a spermicide to kill sperm for more than 60 years but can cause side effects including vaginal irritation and can increase the rate of contraceptive failure. A detailed analysis of published literature aiming to evaluate the spermicidal activity of N-9 on sperm was carried out. In the pooled results, N-9 reduced the number of active sperm and the distance they traveled. It also caused damage to the structures of sperm and to the way the sperm acted and interacted with the egg. In conclusion, N-9 impacts on sperm in a number of ways that lead to sperm death and dysfunction.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8956826PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/RAF-21-0024DOI Listing

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