Analysis of mercury emissions and cycles in typical industrial city clusters: a case study in China.

China's Suzhou (SZ), Wuxi (WX), and Changzhou (CZ) (collectively referred to as the SXC area) have developed economies and advanced industrial production, which are typical industrial city clusters. To analyze the Hg flow characteristics, we quantified the Hg emissions and circulation according to six categories (including industrial production, agricultural livestock, vehicle exhaust, solid waste, atmospheric deposition, and runoff). The results showed that the Hg emission from coal accounting for 40.99% of the total circulation. The amount of Hg circulating in SZ is obviously higher than those in WX and CZ, accounting for 47.88% of the total regional emissions. The Hg pollution in SXC area represent an optimistic level. Except that the Hg concentration in the soil in WX is slightly higher than the first-level soil quality standard, the water and atmosphere in the three cities and the soil in SZ and CZ all meet the highest national standards. The study provides in-depth statistics on the Hg cycle characteristics of typical industrial urban agglomerations. It is beneficial to the management of Hg and provides a basis for the implementation of different schemes in different stages of production and emission, so as to effectively prevent the occurrence of serious heavy metal poisoning hazards. This research idea is widely used and can be applied to other regions and other heavy metal elements.