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Objective: Central executive training (CET) is a "Level 2" evidence-based treatment for improving ADHD-related executive dysfunction and behavioral symptoms, but the extent to which these gains extend to the disorder's well-documented academic difficulties is unknown.
Method: Across two clinical trials, 108 children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) 8-13 years old ( = 10.29, = 1.50; 32 girls; 75% White/Non-Hispanic) were treated with CET ( = 52), inhibitory control training (ICT; = 29), or gold-standard behavioral parent training (BPT; = 27).
Results: CET was superior to BPT and ICT ( = 0.62-0.88) for improving masked teacher perceptions of academic success, impulse control, and academic productivity at 1-2 months posttreatment. At 2-4-month follow-up, CET ( = 0.76) and ICT ( = 0.54) were superior to BPT for improving objectively-tested academic achievement overall (reading comprehension, math problem-solving, language comprehension), and CET was superior to ICT ( = 0.56) for improving math problem-solving. The significant benefits of CET on academic success, academic productivity, reading comprehension, and math problem-solving replicated across both trials and were clinically significant as evidenced by low number needed to treat estimates (Needed to Treat; NNT = 3-7) and significantly higher proportions of individual cases demonstrating reliable improvements in academic success/productivity (33%-36% vs. 0%-18%) and achievement (38%-72% vs. 18%-54%) across outcomes (all ≤ .01).
Conclusions: Results across the two trials provide strong support for the efficacy of CET for ADHD, and are consistent with model-driven hypotheses that academic difficulties in ADHD are due, in part, to these children's underdeveloped executive functioning abilities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9035079 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/neu0000798 | DOI Listing |
BMC Res Notes
December 2024
Department of Mathematics, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Objective: The main purpose of this work is to present an exponentially fitted non-polynomial cubic spline method for solving time-fractional singularly perturbed convection-diffusion problem involving large temporal lag.
Result: The time-fractional derivative is considered in the Caputo sense and discretized using backward Euler technique. Then, on uniform mesh discretization, a non-polynomial cubic spline scheme is constructed along the spatial direction.
Psychol Bull
December 2024
Department of Special Needs Education, University of Oslo.
In understanding the nature of mathematical skills, the most influential theories suggest that mathematical cognition draws on different systems: numerical, linguistic, spatial, and general cognitive skills. Studies show that skills in these areas are highly predictive of outcomes in mathematics. Nonetheless, the strength of these relations with mathematical achievement varies, and little is known about the moderators or relative importance of each predictor.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCompr Rev Food Sci Food Saf
January 2025
School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.
The geographical origin traceability of food and agro-products has been attracted worldwide. Especially with the rise of machine learning (ML) technology, it provides cutting-edge solutions to erstwhile intractable issues to identify the origin of food and agro-products. By utilizing advanced algorithms, ML can extract feature information of food and agro-products that is closely related to origin and, more accurately, identify and trace their origins, which is of great significance to the entire food and agriculture industry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeural Netw
November 2024
Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Institut Elie Cartan de Lorraine, Inria, BP 7023954506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France. Electronic address:
In this work, we explore the numerical solution of geometric shape optimization problems using neural network-based approaches. This involves minimizing a numerical criterion that includes solving a partial differential equation with respect to a domain, often under geometric constraints like a constant volume. We successfully develop a proof of concept using a flexible and parallelizable methodology to tackle these problems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHeliyon
March 2024
Department of Mathematics, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 22500, Pakistan.
When dealing with real-life problems, the q-rung orthopair fuzzy set is a core concept because the power of the membership and non-membership degrees is less than or equal to one. The process of selecting and evaluating alternatives based on several criteria or characteristics is known as multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) problems. The overview of the attribute values is a significant problem in MADM.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!