A new ratio derived from inflammasome markers can serve as a marker of assessment of glycemic index in children with Type 1 diabetes.

Background: Mature inflammasome markers play a role in the development of Type 1 diabetes (T1D). This cross-sectional study aimed to derive ratios from the serum levels of interleukins (ILs): IL-1β and IL-18 and to relate their values with glycemic index and anti-inflammatory markers (IL-4 and IL-10) in children with T1D.

Materials And Methods: This study was conducted at Hawler Medical University in Erbil-Iraq from April to July 2018. Healthy subjects (Group I, = 40) and patients (Group II, = 76) were recruited from primary schools and the Center of Diabetes in Erbil, respectively. Glycemic indices (including fasting serum glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, and peptide C) and pro- and anti-inflammatory markers (including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, IL-1β, IL-18, IL-4, and IL-10 and the ratio of neutrophil or platelet to lymphocyte) were determined.

Results: Cutoff values of 105 pg/mL, 85 pg/mL, and 1.235 for serum IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-1β to IL-18 ratio, respectively, were found to be significant discriminators of glycemic index and anti-inflammatory markers with respect to the calculated area under the curve.

Conclusion: A ratio of IL-1β to IL-18 adjusted to 1.235 can serve as a useful marker of assessment of glycemic index. This ratio does not discriminate the status of anti-inflammatory markers (IL-4 and IL-10) in children with T1D.