Purpose: The incident electron energy spectrum was determined by an estimation formula based on the Lévy distribution in order to calculate the PDD and OAR that is consistent with the measurement.
Methods: EGSnrc was used to calculate PDD and OAR at nominal energies of 4, 6, 9, 12, and 15 MeV. The parameters for determining the incident electron energy spectrum were adjusted to be a reasonable value in the error between the measured and the calculated values.
Results: Location and scaling parameters were determined to be 0.5 and 0.001, respectively. The calculated PDD based on the determination formula was in agreement with the measurement within 2 mm/2% at all depths. The OAR also was in agreement with the measurement within 2 mm/2%.
Conclusion: In this study, the incident electron energy spectrum was estimated by determining the location and scaling parameters. This method is simpler and more accurate than previously reported, and can be applied to the calculation of dose distributions in Monte Carlo simulations.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.2022-1191 | DOI Listing |
ACS Synth Biol
January 2025
Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT─The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway.
The choice of organism to host a genetic circuit, the chassis, is often defaulted to model organisms due to their amenability. The chassis-design space has therefore remained underexplored as an engineering variable. In this work, we explored the design space of a genetic toggle switch through variations in nine ribosome binding site compositions and three host contexts, creating 27 circuit variants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Child Psychol Psychiatry
January 2025
Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Psychosis in children and adolescents has been studied on a spectrum from (common) psychotic experiences to (rare) early-onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders. This research review looks at the state-of-the-art for research across the psychosis spectrum, from evidence on psychotic experiences in community and clinical samples of children and adolescents to findings from psychosis risk syndrome research, to evidence on early-onset psychotic disorders. The review also looks at new opportunities to capture psychosis risk in childhood and adolescence, including opportunities for early intervention, identifies important unanswered questions, and points to future directions for prevention research.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Comput Sci
January 2025
AI for Science (AI4S)-Preferred Program, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.
Electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra contain key information about molecular chirality by discriminating the absolute configurations of chiral molecules, which is crucial in asymmetric organic synthesis and the drug industry. However, existing predictive approaches lack the consideration of ECD spectra owing to the data scarcity and the limited interpretability to achieve trustworthy prediction. Here we establish a large-scale dataset for chiral molecular ECD spectra and propose ECDFormer for accurate and interpretable ECD spectrum prediction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences Technology, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr city, Cairo, Egypt.
Cancer and microbial infections place a significant burden on the world's health systems and can increase the rate of disease and mortality. In the current study, a novel nanocomposite based on Gum Arabic, silver and copper oxide nanoparticles (GA@Ag-CuO nanocomposite) was synthesized to overcome the problem of microbial infection and in cancer treatment. Characterization using UV-Vis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Rev Lett
December 2024
Center for Cosmology and Particle Physics, Department of Physics, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA.
We show that the Veneziano amplitude of string theory is the unique solution to an analytically solvable bootstrap problem. Uniqueness follows from two assumptions: faster than power-law falloff in high-energy scattering and the existence of some infinite sequence in momentum transfer at which higher-spin exchanges cancel. The string amplitude-including the mass spectrum-is an output of this bootstrap.
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