Antibiotics play a role in preventing and treating infectious diseases and also contribute to other health risks for humans. With the overuse of antibiotics, they are widely distributed in the environment. Long-term exposure to multiple antibiotics may occur in humans through medication and dietary intake. Therefore, it is critical to estimate daily intake and health risk of antibiotics based on urinary biomonitoring. This review compares the strengths and weaknesses of current analytical methods to determine antibiotics in urine samples, discusses the urinary concentration profiles and hazard quotients of individual antibiotics, and overviews correlations of antibiotic exposure with the risk of diseases. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry is most applied to simultaneously determine multiple types of antibiotics at trace levels. Solid-phase extraction with a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance adsorbent is commonly used to extract antibiotics in urine samples. Fifteen major antibiotics with relatively higher detection frequencies and concentrations include sulfaclozine, trimethoprim, erythromycin, azithromycin, penicillin V, amoxicillin, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, tetracycline, doxycycline, ofloxacin, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and florfenicol. Humans can be easily at microbiological effect-based risk induced by florfenicol, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, and amoxicillin. Positive associations were observed between specific antibiotic exposure and obesity, allergic diseases, and mental disorders. Overall, the accessible, automated, and environmentally friendly methods are prospected for simultaneous determinations of antibiotics at trace level in urine. To estimate human exposure to antibiotics more accurately, knowledge gaps need to be filled up, including the transformation between parent and metabolic antibiotics, urinary excretion proportions of antibiotics at low-dose exposure and pharmacokinetic data of antibiotics in humans, and the repeated sampling over a long period in future research is needed. Longitudinal studies about antibiotic exposure and the risk of diseases in different developmental windows as well as in-depth research on the pathogenic mechanism of long-term, low-dose, and joint antibiotic exposure are warranted.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154775 | DOI Listing |
AMB Express
January 2025
Department of Agriculture Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11241, Egypt.
The urgent need to address the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance in multidrug-resistant bacteria requires the development of pioneering approaches to treatment. The present study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of the essential oils (EOs) of Moringa oleifera (moringa), Cinnamomum verum (cinnamon), and Nigella sativa (black seed) and the synergistic effect of the mixture of these oils against Staphylococcus aureus MCC 1351. Statistical modeling revealed cinnamon oil had the highest individual antimicrobial potency, followed by black seed oil.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArch Environ Contam Toxicol
January 2025
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Oxytetracycline (OTC) and Florfenicol (FF) are prevalent antibiotics choices in both fish production and livestock farming. A comprehensive understanding of their effects is paramount for effective control of their use and for elucidating their physiological and pharmacological implications. In our investigation, zebrafish larvae were subjected to varying concentrations of OTC, FF or a combination of OTC + FF during 96 h.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAntimicrob Agents Chemother
January 2025
Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Paired baseline and post-exposure isolates from 34 patients who developed ceftolozane-tazobactam (TOL-TAZ) resistance following treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections were analyzed to determine if ceftolozane with an alternative β-lactamase inhibitor could restore susceptibility. The median baseline TOL-TAZ MIC was 2 mg/L; 88% of post-exposure isolates harbored new mutations. Median MIC fold-increase from baseline was 32-, 24-, 16-, and 6-fold for ceftolozane-tazobactam, ceftolozane-avibactam (AVI), ceftolozane-relebactam (REL), and ceftolozane-durlobactam (DUR), respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur Heart J Case Rep
January 2025
Department of Cardiology, Azorg, Merestraat 80, 9300 Aalst, Belgium.
Background: Patients after transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation (TPVI) are at increased risk for infective prosthetic valve endocarditis. Diagnosis of infective endocarditis (IE) following TPVI is particularly difficult due to impaired visualization of the transcatheter pulmonary valve (TPV) with echocardiography [Delgado V, Ajmone Marsan N, de Waha S, Bonaros N, Brida M, Burri H, et al. 2023 ESC guidelines for the management of endocarditis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt Arch Otorhinolaryngol
January 2025
School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
Microtia and aural atresia present congenital ear anomalies that affect external ear and are associated with conductive hearing loss. Both anomalies result from exposure to various prenatal risk factors, most common during the first trimester of pregnancy. This study was aimed at epidemiological analysis of microtia/atresia and associated risk factors in the Kazakhstani population.
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