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Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS): Why a Different Production in COVID-19 Patients of the Two Waves? | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • - Clinical outcomes between the first and second waves of COVID-19 in Europe showed that patients in the second wave had significantly lower levels of iNOS, IL-6, and IL-10 compared to those in the first wave, indicating a less severe illness.
  • - Serum levels of iNOS and inflammatory markers (IL-6 and IL-10) correlated with the severity of COVID-19 in the first wave but did not do so in the second wave, suggesting a shift in the disease's impact over time.
  • - In severe cases during the second wave, patients who were treated with steroids or azithromycin before hospitalization had decreased iNOS levels, leading to concerns about their immune response, and highlighting the potential need for

Article Abstract

Profound clinical differences between the first and second waves of COVID-19 were observed in Europe. Nitric oxide (NO) may positively impact patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. It is mainly generated by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). We studied serum iNOS levels together with serum interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the first wave ( = 35) and second wave ( = 153). In the first wave, serum iNOS, IL-6, IL-10 levels increased significantly, in line with the World Health Organization (WHO) score severity, while in the second wave, iNOS did not change with the severity. The patients of the second wave showed lower levels of iNOS, IL-6, and IL-10, as compared to the corresponding subgroup of the first wave, suggesting a less severe outcome of COVID-19 in these patients. However, in the severe patients of the second wave, iNOS levels were significantly lower in patients treated with steroids or azithromycin before the hospitalization, as compared to the untreated patients. This suggests an impairment of the defense mechanism against the virus and NO-based therapies as a potential therapy in patients with low iNOS levels.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8948744PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14030534DOI Listing

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