A Barcode-Based Phylogenetic Characterization of Identifies Two Cosmopolitan Lineages with Distinct Host Affinities and the First Report of in California.

A collection of 30 and 12 (subclade 1a) strains isolated from several recent surveys across California was phylogenetically compared to a worldwide collection of 112 conspecific strains using sequences from three barcoding loci. The surveys baited from soil and water across a wide variety of forested ecosystems with a geographic range of more than 1000 km. Two cosmopolitan lineages were identified within the widespread , one being mainly associated with strawberry production and the other more closely associated with apple orchards, oaks and ornamental trees. Two other well-sampled lineages, including one that dominated Californian restoration outplantings, were only found in the western United States, while a third was only found in Japan. Coastal California forest isolates of both species exhibited considerable diversity, suggesting both may be indigenous to the state. Many isolates with sequence accessions deposited as were determined to be and , with one hybrid lineage appearing relatively common across Europe and Asia. This study contains the first report of from the state of California and one of the only reports of that species since its original description.