Bone-marrow-derived mast cells are matured from bone marrow cells in medium containing 20% fetal calf serum (FCS), interleukin (IL)-3 and stem-cell factor (SCF) and are used as in vitro models to study mast cells (MC) and their role in health and disease. In vivo, however, BM-derived hematopoietic stem cells account for only a fraction of MC; the majority of MC in vivo are and remain tissue resident. In this study we established a side-by-side culture with BMMC, fetal skin MC (FSMC) or fetal liver MC (FLMC) for comparative studies to identify the best surrogates for mature connective tissue MC (CTMC). All three MC types showed comparable morphology by histology and MC phenotype by flow cytometry. Heterogeneity was detected in the transcriptome with the most differentially expressed genes in FSMC compared to BMMC being and . Expression of ST2 was highly expressed in BMMC and FSMC and reduced in FLMC, diminishing their secretion of type 2 cytokines. Higher granule content, stronger response to FcεRI activation and significantly higher release of histamine from FSMC compared to FLMC and BMMC indicated differences in MC development in vitro dependent on the tissue of origin. Thus, tissues of origin imprint MC precursor cells to acquire distinct phenotypes and signatures despite identical culture conditions. Fetal-derived MC resemble mature CTMC, with FSMC being the most developed.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11060928 | DOI Listing |
Immune cells determine the role of the tumor microenvironment during tumor progression, either suppressing tumor formation or promoting tumorigenesis. We analyzed the profile of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment of control mouse skins and skin tumors at the single-cell level. We identified 15 CD45 immune cell clusters, which broadly represent the most functionally characterized immune cell types including macrophages, Langerhans cells (LC), conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1), conventional type 2 dendritic cells (cDC2), migratory/mature dendritic cells (mDC), dendritic epidermal T cells (DETC), dermal γδ T cells (γδT), T cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), natural killer cells (NK), type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), neutrophils (Neu), mast cells (Mast), and two proliferating populations (Prolif.
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KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, South Korea.
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