This study compared 2 units of analysis for assessing acquisition mastery during sight word instruction for 3 participants. The unit of analysis refers to the specific performances that criteria are applied to, either sets of stimuli or individual operants. In the Set Analysis condition, we applied the acquisition-performance criterion to the aggregated accuracy of a set of 4 target operants. In the Operant Analysis (OA) condition, we assessed the criterion for individual operants and replaced targets as they met the acquisition criterion. All participants acquired novel textual responses to sight words faster under the OA condition and response maintenance was similar between conditions. This study extended previous research by showing enhanced response maintenance in the OA condition by increasing the performance criterion from 1 observation of 100% accuracy to 2. This study also suggests a unique contribution of OA to quickening learning.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jaba.915 | DOI Listing |
J Eval Clin Pract
February 2025
California State University Monterey Bay, Seaside, California, USA.
Rationale: Obesity is an increasing medical issue not responding well to behavioural treatments beyond their initial weeks/months.
Aims And Objectives: Before suggesting surgical or pharmacological interventions, medical professionals might consider referrals to cost-effective, community-based behavioural treatments if stronger theoretical/empirical bases were demonstrated. Thus, evaluation of such is warranted.
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol
January 2025
Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University.
Treating substance use disorders is difficult as individuals often resume substance use during abstinence. One potential factor contributing to the recurrence of substance use is incubation of drug craving. Specifically, individuals report higher levels of craving when presented with drug-paired stimuli across abstinence, although this effect is largely absent in opioid-dependent individuals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPsychopharmacology (Berl)
December 2024
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh St., STE 205, Richmond, VA, 23219-0540, USA.
Rationale α-ET (α-ethyltryptamine), a homolog of the classical hallucinogen α-methyltryptamine, was once prescribed clinically as an antidepressant. Classical psychedelic drugs are currently of interest as potential pharmacotherapy for psychiatric disorders. Objectives Drug discrimination was used to (a) determine if α-ET-like stimulus effects could be engendered by the prototypical phenylalkylamines MDMA ("Ecstasy") or MDA ("Love Drug") and (b) evaluate the α-ET-like stimulus effects of four synthesized aryl-substituted monomethoxy analogs of α-ET (4-OMe-, 5-OMe-, 6-OMe- and 7-OMe-α-ET).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Obstet Gynaecol
December 2025
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
Background: Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide, and effective training in PPH rescue techniques is crucial. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of combining case-based learning (CBL) and problem-based learning (PBL) with simulation teaching methods in improving midwifery trainees' technical proficiency in managing PPH.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study involved 76 trainees who received PPH training at Peking University Third Hospital from March to July 2023.
Cogn Process
December 2024
Departments of Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Operant keypress tasks in a reinforcement-reward framework where behavior is shaped by its consequence, show lawful relationships in human preference behavior (i.e., approach/avoidance) and have been analogized to "wanting".
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