Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@pubfacts.com&api_key=b8daa3ad693db53b1410957c26c9a51b4908&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 176
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 176
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 1034
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3152
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
The slender filefish is a master of adaptive camouflage and can change its appearance within 1-3 seconds. Videos and photographs of this animal's cryptic body patterning and behavior were collected under natural light on a Caribbean coral reef. We present an ethogram of body patterning components that includes large- and small-scale spots, stripes and bars that confer a variety of cryptic patterns amidst a range of complex backgrounds. Field images were analyzed to investigate two aspects of camouflage effectiveness: (i) the degree of color resemblance between animals and their nearby visual stimuli and (ii) the visibility of each fish's actual body outline versus its illusory outline. Most animals more closely matched the color of nearby visual stimuli than that of the surrounding background. Three-dimensional dermal flaps complement the melanophore skin patterns by enhancing the complexity of the fish's physical skin texture to disguise its actual body shape, and the morphology of these structures was studied. The results suggest that the body patterns, skin texture, postures and swimming orientations putatively hinder both the detection and recognition of the fish by potential visual predators. Overall, the rapid speed of change of multiple patterns, color blending with nearby backgrounds, and the physically complicated edge produced by dermal flaps effectively camouflage this animal among soft corals and macroalgae in the Caribbean Sea.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8932952 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bij.12598 | DOI Listing |
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