AI Article Synopsis
- Immune cells play a crucial role in both regenerative and pathological processes, with recent research highlighting the significance of various immune cell types beyond just macrophages in tissue repair and revascularization.
- Advances in understanding how to control and manipulate these immune cells can enhance the healing process and improve functional recovery.
- The review explores strategies for using immune cells, extracellular vesicles, and engineering techniques to optimize immune responses for better vascularization and tissue regeneration.
Article Abstract
Immune cells have emerged as powerful regulators of regenerative as well as pathological processes. The vast majority of regenerative immunoengineering efforts have focused on macrophages; however, growing evidence suggests that other cells of both the innate and adaptive immune system are as important for successful revascularization and tissue repair. Moreover, spatiotemporal regulation of immune cells and their signaling have a significant impact on the regeneration speed and the extent of functional recovery. In this review, we summarize the contribution of different types of immune cells to the healing process and discuss ways to manipulate and control immune cells in favor of vascularization and tissue regeneration. In addition to cell delivery and cell-free therapies using extracellular vesicles, we discuss in situ strategies and engineering approaches to attract specific types of immune cells and modulate their phenotypes. This field is making advances to uncover the extraordinary potential of immune cells and their secretome in the regulation of vascularization and tissue remodeling. Understanding the principles of immunoregulation will help us design advanced immunoengineering platforms to harness their power for tissue regeneration.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10726003 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2022.114233 | DOI Listing |
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