Surgical Treatment of Gallstone Ileus: Less Is More.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate the need for cholecystectomy in patients who underwent surgery for gallstone ileus.

Methods: This was a retrospective review of the clinical history of patients who underwent surgery for gallstone ileus between December 1992 and December 2018 and follow-up until October 2020. Data regarding the surgical intervention, location of the obstruction, and surgical procedure performed were collected, as well as complications in relation to biliary pathology in the postoperative period.

Results: Twenty-five patients underwent surgery for gallstone ileus. In all patients, except one, the site of the obstruction was identified. The mean age of the patients was 72 (standard deviation [SD] 13.3) years, with a female predominance (18: 7). The patients presented symptoms, on average, 2.9 (1-7) days before going to the emergency room; the primary symptoms were vomiting associated with abdominal pain and constipation (56%). Fifty-six percent of patients were diagnosed preoperatively by imaging tests. In 72% of patients, an enterolithotomy was performed alone without any other intervention on the gallbladder or bile duct. Eighty-three percent of the patients did not present any cholecystobiliary complications during the entire follow-up period, and urgent or delayed cholecystectomy was not performed after the acute episode.

Conclusions: Gallstone ileus is a rare entity, and there are no randomized studies that support a preferred treatment. If surgical intervention is required, enterotomy for stone extraction is a safe and effective technique, and in our experience, urgent or delayed cholecystectomy is not necessary.