Observation of clinical efficacy of the cefoperazone/sulbactam anti-infective regimen in the treatment of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii lung infection.

What Is Known And Objective: Sulbactam and sulbactam-containing β-lactam antibiotics are often used in the treatment of Acinetobacter baumannii. We aimed to further examine the clinical efficacy of a cefoperazone/sulbactam anti-infective regimen in multidrug-resistant A. baumannii (MDRAB) lung infections.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis among patients with MDRAB lung infection and complete data who were treated at the geriatric intensive care unit of Jiangsu Province Hospital from January 2018 to December 2020. We collected general information, including age, sex, APACHE II score, anti-infective course, comorbid infections in other sites, other pathogens, cefoperazone/sulbactam regimen and concomitant medications, and adverse reactions. We used microbiological changes before and after treatment to assess microbiological efficacy, defined as microbial eradication and reduction.

Results And Discussion: 121 patients were included, among which 96 (79.34%) were men and 25 (20.66%) were women. The median age was 76 (interquartile range [IQR] 62.5-83) years, median APACHE II score was 22 (IQR 19-26), and median treatment course was 8 (IQR 5-12.5) days. Among these patients, tigecycline was concomitantly used in 52 patients and the sulbactam dose was increased to 4 g and above in 27 patients. The microbiological efficacy of conventional cefoperazone/sulbactam with/without tigecycline in MDRAB decreased with each consecutive year and a reduction in efficacy was linearly correlated with year, which was both statistically significant (p = 0.039, 0.030, respectively). In 2020, the microbiological efficacy of a higher sulbactam dose combined with tigecycline was 75%, which was a significant improvement over the conventional dose (p = 0.028). The 3-year data showed that the microbiological efficacy of conventional cefoperazone/sulbactam 3 g eight hourly (q8h) without tigecycline was 32% and efficacy increased to 57.9% when the sulbactam dose was increased. Hence, the increased sulbactam dose significantly improved efficacy in MDRAB lung infection (p = 0.049). Different doses of sulbactam combined with tigecycline increased the microbiological efficacy of MDRAB but the differences were not statistically significant.

What Is New And Conclusion: A cefoperazone/sulbactam-based anti-infective regimen showed some efficacy in MDRAB lung infection, but the microbiological efficacy of a cefoperazone/sulbactam 3 g q8h regimen decreased over time. Increasing the sulbactam dose to 4 g or more can improve efficacy. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)-guided personalized medicine may be a future research direction.