Pattern, behavior, and clinical implications of electrocardiographic changes in patients undergoing repair of anomalous aortic origin of coronary arteries.

Objectives: Surgical repair in anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery aims at mitigating the risk of sudden cardiac death in a subset of patients. The pattern and behavior of electrocardiogram changes in a large cohort of these patients are lacking. We aim to describe postoperative electrocardiogram changes in this population and its clinical implications on follow-up.

Methods: All patients aged less than 21 years who underwent surgical repair for anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery between December 2012 and June 2020 at our institution were considered for inclusion. Electrocardiograms were reviewed at 5 defined time intervals, from preoperative to 90-day follow-up, with attention to significant findings of ST-segment changes, abnormal T waves, and pathologic Q waves. The electrocardiogram changes were analyzed for correlation with surgical reintervention and medium-term outcomes.

Results: Sixty-two patients met inclusion criteria (median age 13.7 years, 61% male). ST-segment changes in the initial postoperative period were seen in 52 patients (84%), all resolving over time. Abnormal T waves were seen in 19 patients (31%), occurred commonly at the predischarge period, and mostly resolved over time. Pathologic Q waves were observed in only 1 patient and associated with reintervention due to coronary artery stenosis. There was no association between postoperative electrocardiogram changes and inducible myocardial ischemia, ventricular dysfunction, or restriction from exercise at follow-up.

Conclusions: ST-segment changes and T-wave abnormalities are commonly seen in the postoperative period after anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery repair, tend to resolve over time, and are not associated with adverse medium-term outcomes. Pathologic Q waves were associated with the need for early coronary reintervention.