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The connection between endometriosis and secondary dysmenorrhea.

J Reprod Immunol

January 2025

Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, South Korea. Electronic address:

Endometriosis (EMS) is a prevalent gynecological condition characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, often leading to secondary dysmenorrhea (SD), chronic pelvic pain and infertility. This review explores the intricate connection between EMS- associated pain and SD, focusing on the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying dysmenorrhea in EMS. Key contributors to pain include inflammation, aberrant immune responses, neurogenic inflammation, peritoneal irritation, peripheral sensitization, central sensitization and cross-organ sensitization.

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Dysuria, a feeling of pain or discomfort during urination, is often caused by urinary tract infection but can also be due to sexually transmitted infection, bladder irritants, skin lesions, and some chronic pain conditions. History is most often useful for finding signs of sexually transmitted infection, complicated infections, lower urinary symptoms in males, and noninfectious causes. Most patients presenting with dysuria should have a urinalysis performed.

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Background And Objective: In patients with oligorecurrent prostate cancer (PCa), prostate-specific membrane antigen-targeted radioguided surgery (PSMA-RGS) prolongs treatment-free survival. Data on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are lacking.

Methods: A retrospective assessment of validated PROMs (12-item Short Form Health Survey [SF-12], 26-item Expanded Prostate Index Composite, and Decision Regret Scale [DRS]) was performed before and after PSMA-RGS for oligorecurrent PCa.

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In the quest for an ideal wound healing material, human amniotic membrane (AM), tilapia skin collagen (TSC), and Centella asiatica (CA) have been studied separately for their healing potential. In this study, we formulated AM, TSC, and CA gel and studied their competency and wound healing efficacy in vivo. Gel was formulated using AM, TSC, CA, Carbopol 934, acrylic acid, glycerine, and triethanolamine and physicochemical properties e.

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Purpose: Intravesical (i) immunotherapy with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the recommended treatment for patients with intermediate- and high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) after complete tumor resection. Discontinuation or suspension of this therapy is often due to local side effects. Aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sequential intravesical instillations of combined hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) in reducing local BCG toxicity and urinary symptoms.

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