Purpose: Nearly 50% of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience emotional dysregulation or sensory over-responsiveness; this study examines their association.
Methods: This cross-sectional analysis ( = 124) used data from the Micronutrients for ADHD in Youth (MADDY) Study, which enrolled children aged 6-12 with ADHD and emotional dysregulation. Sensory responsiveness was assessed using two subscales from the factor-analyzed Temperament in Middle Childhood Questionnaire: Pain Sensitivity and Perceptual Sensitivity. Emotional dysregulation was assessed using the Emotional-Problems and Conduct-Problems subscales from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and a composite score from the Child & Adolescent Symptom Inventory-5. Multivariable linear regression measured the association of pain and perceptual sensitivity with the severity of emotional dysregulation.
Results: In adjusted models, pain sensitivity was positively associated with Emotional Problems ( = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.52, 1.41; < 0.0001), Conduct Problems ( = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.44, 1.21; = 0.0001), and CASI-5 composite ( = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.34; < 0.0001). Perceptual sensitivity was positively associated with Emotional Problems ( = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.15, 1.35; = 0.01) but not Conduct Problems ( = 0.27; 95% CI: -0.24, 0.77; = 0.30) or CASI-5 composite ( = 0.12; 95% CI: -0.01, 0.24; = 0.07).
Conclusion: Pain sensitivity was associated with the severity of emotional dysregulation in this ADHD sample. To better understand possible causal links, longitudinal studies are warranted.Implications for rehabilitationEmotional dysregulation and sensory over-responsiveness are both common in children with ADHD and contribute to added challenges in school and family life.Two types of sensory over-responsiveness, pain sensitivity and perceptual sensitivity, were associated with emotional dysregulation in children with ADHD in our study.Sensory over-responsiveness may be a modifiable treatment target.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2022.2043946 | DOI Listing |
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