Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence of Non-Typhoidal from Retail Foods Marketed in Bangkok, Thailand.

Nontyphoidal- bacteria cause foodborne gastroenteritis that may lead to fatal bacteremia, osteomyelitis, and meningitis if not treated properly. The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains is a global public health threat. Regular monitoring of genotypes and phenotypes of isolated from humans, animals, foods, and environments is mandatory for effective reduction and control of this food-borne pathogen. In this study, antimicrobial-resistant and virulent genotypes and phenotypes of isolated from retail food samples in Bangkok, Thailand, were investigated. From 252 raw food samples, 58 strains that belonged only to serotype Enteritidis were isolated. Disc diffusion method showed that all isolates were still sensitive to amikacin and carbapenems. More than 30% of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin. Twenty isolates resist at least three antibiotic classes. Minimum inhibitory concentration tests showed that 12.07% of the isolates produced extended-spectrum β-Lactamase. Polymerase chain reaction indicated that 32.76, 81.03, 39.66, and 5.17% of the isolates carried , A, 2, and A7, respectively. All isolates were positive for invasion-associated genes. Effective prevention and control of (as well as other food-borne pathogens) is possible by increasing public awareness and applying food hygienic practices. Active and well harmonised "One Health" co-operation is required to effectively control food-borne zoonosis.