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Judges versus artificial intelligence in juror decision-making in criminal trials: Evidence from two pre-registered experiments.
PLoS One
January 2025
Center for International Education and Exchange, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is anticipated to play a significant role in criminal trials involving citizen jurors. Prior studies have suggested that AI is not widely preferred in ethical decision-making contexts, but little research has compared jurors' reliance on judgments by human judges versus AI in such settings.
Objectives: This study examined whether jurors are more likely to defer to judgments by human judges or AI, especially in cases involving mitigating circumstances in which human-like reasoning may be valued.
Ovarian cancer prevention through opportunistic salpingectomy during abdominal surgeries: A cost-effectiveness modeling study.
PLoS Med
January 2025
Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
Background: There is indication that the fallopian tubes might be involved in ovarian cancer pathogenesis and their removal reduces cancer risk. Hence, bilateral salpingectomy during hysterectomy or sterilization, so called opportunistic salpingectomy (OS), is gaining wide acceptance as a preventive strategy. Recently, it was discussed whether implementation of OS at other gynecologic surgery, e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCost-Effective Quality of Life Improvement While Reducing Health Care Professional Burnout With an AI-Driven Intervention for Personalized Medicine.
J Diabetes Sci Technol
January 2025
Spotlight Consultations Ltd, Portsmouth, UK.
Background And Aims: Burnout affects >50% of physicians and nurses. Spotlight-AQ is a personalized digital health platform designed to improve routine diabetes visits. We assessed cost-effectiveness, visit length, and association with health care professional (HCP) burnout.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrecision nutrition-based interventions for the management of obesity in children and adolescents up to the age of 19 years.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev
January 2025
Cornell Joan Klein Jacobs Center for Precision Nutrition and Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
Background: Precision nutrition-based methods develop tailored interventions and/or recommendations accounting for determinants of intra- and inter-individual variation in response to the same diet, compared to current 'one-size-fits-all' population-level approaches. Determinants may include genetics, current dietary habits and eating patterns, circadian rhythms, health status, gut microbiome, socioeconomic and psychosocial characteristics, and physical activity. In this systematic review, we examined the evidence base for the effect of interventions based on precision nutrition approaches on overweight and obesity in children and adolescents to help inform future research and global guidelines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAccurate lamb origin identification and molecular differentiation analysis using rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry.
Anal Methods
January 2025
Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China.
Rapid and accurate methods for tracing and identifying the origin of lamb are crucial for ensuring food authenticity and quality. This study developed a precise traceability method to determine the origin of lamb by integrating rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry (REIMS) with multivariate statistical analysis. Lamb samples from Xilin Gol, Ordos, and Hulun Buir ranches were identified by REIMS fingerprinting within 1 min.
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