[Rapid response of secondary plasma cell leukemia after carfilzomib and dexamethasone therapy].

An 83-year-old man was admitted to our hospital due to a recurrence of multiple myeloma, accompanied by the appearance of plasma cells in the peripheral blood (PB). Subsequently, he was diagnosed with secondary plasma cell leukemia (sPCL). A chemotherapy regimen of carfilzomib and dexamethasone (Cd) combination therapy was selected, and 15 days later, plasma cells completely disappeared from the PB. Cd therapy was continued, and the free kappa chain levels normalized. Three months later, M-protein could not be detected using serum electrophoresis. This is a valuable report wherein Cd combination therapy was successful in treating sPCL.