Distal radial artery as an alternative approach to forearm radial artery for perioperative blood pressure monitoring: a randomized, controlled, noninferiority trial.

Background: The novel distal radial artery (dRA) approach is a popular arterial access route for interventional cardiology and neurointerventions. We explored the dRA as an alternative site to the classic forearm radial artery (RA) for perioperative blood pressure monitoring. We hypothesized that dRA catheterization is noninferior to RA for the first attempt success rate.

Methods: This was a single-center, prospective, randomized controlled, noninferiority study. Adult patients who underwent elective surgery at the Jinling Hospital from May 2021 to August 2021 were enrolled. The primary endpoint was to test the noninferiority of the first attempt success rate between the groups. Secondary endpoints included anatomical characteristics, catheterization time, arterial posterior wall puncture rate, postoperative compression time, dampened arterial pressure waveforms, and complications.

Results: Totally, 161 patients who received either dRA (n = 81) or RA (n = 80) catheterization were analyzed. The first attempt success rates were 87.7 and 91.3% in the dRA and RA groups, respectively, with a mean difference of - 3.6% (95% CI, - 13.1 to 5.9%). The dRA diameter and cross-sectional area were significantly smaller than those of the RA (P < 0.001). The subcutaneous depth of dRA was significantly greater than that of the RA (P < 0.001). The dRA had a longer catheterization time (P = 0.008) but a shorter postoperative compression time (P < 0.001). The arterial posterior wall puncture rate of dRA was significantly higher than that of the RA (P = 0.006). The dRA had fewer dampened arterial waveforms than RA (P = 0.030) perioperatively.

Conclusions: The dRA is a rational alternative approach to RA for perioperative arterial pressure monitoring and provides a noninferior first attempt success rate.

Trial Registration: This study is registered in the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (registration number: ChiCTR2100043714 , registration date: 27/02/2021).