COVID-19 in Ophthalmology. Current Disease Status and Challenges during Clinical Practice.

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has raised a global public health concern. The purpose of this review is to summarize the evidence currently available on COVID-19 for its ocular implications and manifestations from both pathogenetic and clinical standpoints. For this narrative review, more than 100 relevant scientific articles were considered from various databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct) using keywords such as coronavirus outbreak, COVID-19, ophthalmology, ocular symptoms. Daily healthcare both from patient and physician perspective, as well as on some guidelines regarding prevention and management have dramatically changed over the last few months. Although COVID-19 infection mainly affects the respiratory system as well as the gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and urinary systems, it may cause a wide spectrum of ocular manifestations. Various challenges have to be faced to minimize exposure for both patients and physicians. The risk of COVID-19 infection should be considered and medical care should be prioritized for urgent cases. Appropriate management for patients with chronic cases that may result in adverse outcomes should not be neglected, while patients that can be monitored remotely should be identified.