Revisited role of TRAF2 and TRAF2 C-terminal domain in endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced autophagy in HAP1 leukemia cells.

The scaffold protein Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Factor 2 (TRAF2) has been reported to play a key role in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced activation of c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) and hence autophagy. Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process, whose dysregulation is involved in the pathogenesis of various human diseases, including cancer. We investigated the involvement of TRAF2 in autophagy regulation in the human leukemic HAP1 cell line, under both basal and ER stress conditions. In TRAF2-knockout HAP1 cell line (KO), the basal autophagic flux was higher than in the parental cell line (WT). Moreover, tunicamycin-induced ER stress stimulated JNK activation and autophagy both in WT and KO HAP1. On the other hand, re-expression of a TRAF2 C-terminal fragment (residues ,310-501), in a TRAF2-KO cellular background, rendered HAP1 cells unable to activate both JNK and autophagy upon ER stress induction. Of note, this apparent dominant negative effect of the C-terminal fragment was observed even in the absence of the endogenous, full-length TRAF2 molecule. Furthermore, the expression of the C-terminal fragment resulted in both protein kinase B (AKT) pathway activation and increased resistance to the toxic effects induced by prolonged ER stress conditions. These findings indicate that TRAF2 is dispensable for the activation of both JNK and autophagy in HAP1 cells, while the TRAF2 C-terminal domain may play an autonomous role in regulating the cellular response to ER stress.