Purpose: Carotenoids may protect against chronic diseases including cancer and cardiometabolic disease by mitigating oxidative stress and/or inflammation. We cross-sectionally evaluated associations between carotenoids and biomarkers of oxidative stress or inflammation.
Methods: From 2003 to 2009, the Sister Study enrolled 50,884 breast cancer-free US women aged 35-74. Post-menopausal participants (n = 512) were randomly sampled to measure carotenoids and biomarkers of oxidative stress. Dietary carotenoid consumption was assessed using a validated 110-item Block 1998 food frequency questionnaire; use of β-carotene-containing supplements was also assessed. Plasma carotenoids were quantified, adjusting for batch. Urinary markers of lipid peroxidation, 8-iso-prostaglandin F (8-iso-PGF) and its metabolite (8-iso-PGF-M) were also measured. Since the biomarker 8-iso-PGF can reflect both oxidative stress and inflammation, we used a modeled 8-iso-PGF to prostaglandin F ratio approach to distinguish effects reflecting oxidative stress versus inflammation. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the associations of dietary and plasma carotenoids with the estimated biomarker concentrations.
Results: Total plasma carotenoids were inversely associated with 8-iso-PGF-M concentrations (P for trend across quartiles = 0.009). Inverse trends associations were also seen for α-carotene and β-carotene. In contrast, lutein/zeaxanthin showed associations with both 8-iso-PGF and 8-iso-PGF-M concentrations. The inverse association for total carotenoids appeared to be specific for oxidative stress (chemical 8-iso-PGF; P = 0.04 and P for trend across quartiles = 0.02). The pattern was similar for α-carotene. However, lutein/zeaxanthin tended to have a stronger association with enzymatic 8-iso-PGF, suggesting an additional anti-inflammatory effect. Supplemental β-carotene was inversely associated with both 8-iso-PGF and 8-iso-PGF-M concentrations, as well as with both chemical and enzymatic 8-iso-PGF. Dietary carotenoids were not associated with either biomarker.
Conclusion: Plasma carotenoids and supplemental β-carotene were associated with lower concentrations of 8-iso-PGF metabolite. Plasma carotenoids associations may reflect antioxidant effects.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00394-022-02837-8 | DOI Listing |
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