Acute aortic dissection is a rare and potentially catastrophic perioperative complication of cardiac surgery. A 72-year-old woman underwent aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthetic valve for aortic regurgitation seven years earlier. She experienced respiratory distress on exertion and was diagnosed with prosthetic valve dysfunction. Reoperative aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthetic valve was performed. On postoperative day eight, contrast-enhanced computed tomography, which was performed to evaluate persistent high levels of inflammatory response, revealed acute DeBakey typeⅠaortic dissection. Emergency ascending aortic replacement was successfully performed. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 19 without any complications. Acute aortic dissection after cardiac surgery is rare;however, physicians should be aware of this possible complication.
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