Primary brain melanoma is a very rare tumour (only 0.07% of primary CNS neoplasms) which usually shows with abundant melanin content; whereas hypo/melanotic variants have been scarcely described. We introduce the case of a female patient with headache, left brachial paresis and frontallobar syndrome. The MRI image showed a right frontal mass with homogeneous contrast uptake. As treatment, a complete surgical resection was performed. Pathology was diagnostic for melanoma, with very low melanin content and a high proliferative index. A thorough extension study was performed to rule out an extracranial primary origin. Due to several intercurrent complications, the patient evolved unfavorably, not being able to receive further treatment. The amelanotic variant of primary intracranial malignant melanomas has not been described in detail previously. We will review the literature, focusing on the particularities of management and diagnosis of this clinical entity.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucie.2022.02.005 | DOI Listing |
Lancet Neurol
January 2025
Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. Electronic address:
The blood-brain barrier is a physiological barrier that can prevent both small and complex drugs from reaching the brain to exert a pharmacological effect. For treatment of neurological diseases, drug concentrations at the target site are a fundamental parameter for therapeutic effect; thus, the blood-brain barrier is a major obstacle to overcome. Novel strategies have been developed to circumvent the blood-brain barrier, including CSF delivery, intracranial delivery, ultrasound-based methods, membrane transporters, receptor-mediated transcytosis, and nanotherapeutics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Stroke
January 2025
Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
Background: The usual antithrombotic treatment for symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) consists of dual treatment with clopidogrel and aspirin for 90 days followed by aspirin alone but the risk of recurrent stroke remains high up to 12 months. The Comparison of Anticoagulation and anti-Platelet Therapies for Intracranial Vascular Atherostenosis (CAPTIVA) trial was designed to determine whether other combinations of dual antithrombotic therapy are superior to clopidogrel and aspirin.
Methods: CAPTIVA is an ongoing, prospective, double-blinded, three-arm clinical trial at over 100 sites in the United States and Canada that will randomize 1683 high-risk subjects with a symptomatic infarct attributed to 70-99% stenosis of a major intracranial artery to 12 months of treatment with (1) ticagrelor (180 mg loading dose, then 90 mg twice daily), (2) low-dose rivaroxaban (2.
Pharmaceutics
January 2025
CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Background/objectives: Glioblastoma is the most common and lethal primary brain tumor. Patients often suffer from tumor- and treatment induced vasogenic edema, with devastating neurological consequences. Intracranial edema is effectively treated with dexamethasone.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChildren (Basel)
January 2025
Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany.
Background: Intracranial choroid plexus tumors (CPT) are rare and primarily affect young children. Leptomeningeal dissemination (LMD) has been reported not only in high-grade choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC) but also in lower histological grades; however, a systematic evaluation of CPT-specific imaging characteristics remains lacking.
Methods: We analyzed the imaging characteristics of LMD in a single-center pediatric cohort of 22 CPT patients (thirteen choroid plexus papilloma (CPP), six atypical choroid plexus papilloma (aCPP), three CPC), comparing LMD features with those of the primary tumor.
Biomedicines
December 2024
Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
Advances in stroke genetics have highlighted the critical role of rare genetic variants in cerebrovascular diseases, with emerging as a key player in ischemic stroke and Moyamoya disease (MMD). Initially identified as the primary susceptibility gene for MMD, -notably the p.R4810K variant-has been strongly linked to intracranial artery stenosis (ICAS) and various ischemic stroke subtypes, particularly in East Asian populations.
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