Remote telesurgery in humans: a systematic review.

Surg Endosc

Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.

Published: May 2022

AI Article Synopsis

  • Remote telesurgery, where surgeons operate on patients from far away, has been a big dream but not many studies on it exist for humans.
  • Researchers looked at eight studies published between 2001 and 2020 that involved remote surgeries on living people and cadavers, showing different surgery types and communication methods.
  • The results revealed that while there are some examples of remote surgeries, there needs to be more consistent reporting and improvement in technology used for these procedures.

Article Abstract

Background: Since the conception of robotic surgery, remote telesurgery has been a dream upon which incredible technological advances haven been built. Despite the considerable enthusiasm for, there have been few published studies of remote telesurgery on humans.

Methods: We performed a systematic review of the English literature (PubMed, EMbase, Inspec & Compendex and Web of Science) to report studies of remote telesurgery in humans. Keywords included telesurgery, remote surgery, long-distance surgery, and telerobotics. Subjects had to be human (live patients or cadavers). The operating surgeon had to be remote from the patient, separated by more than one kilometer. The article had to explicitly report the use of a long-distance telerobotic technique. Articles that focused on telepresence or tele-mentoring were excluded.

Results: The study included eight articles published from 2001 to 2020. One manuscript (1 subject) described remote surgery on a cadaver model, and the other seven were on live humans (72 subjects). Procedure types included percutaneous, endovascular, laparoscopic, and transoral. Communication methods varied, with the first report using a telephone line and the most recent studies using a 5G network. Six of the studies reported signal latency as a single value and it ranged from 28 ms to 280 ms.

Conclusions: Few studies have described remote telesurgery in humans, and there is considerable variability in robotic and communication methods. Future efforts should work to improve reporting of signal latency and follow careful research methodology.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9923406PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00464-022-09074-4DOI Listing

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