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Searching for genetic evidence of demographic decline in an arctic seabird: beware of overlapping generations. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • - Genetic data can help identify population declines in hard-to-study species, but factors like population structure and mutation patterns can complicate these assessments.
  • - The ivory gull, a long-lived Arctic seabird, faces habitat changes due to climate change, but genetic analyses across its range showed no overall decline, with only one location in Canada indicating a bottleneck.
  • - Despite the overall stability in genetic trends, low estimates of the ivory gull's global population size raise concerns about its potential for future survival and evolutionary adaptability.

Article Abstract

Genetic data are useful for detecting sudden population declines in species that are difficult to study in the field. Yet this indirect approach has its own drawbacks, including population structure, mutation patterns, and generation overlap. The ivory gull (Pagophila eburnea), a long-lived Arctic seabird, is currently suffering from rapid alteration of its primary habitat (i.e., sea ice), and dramatic climatic events affecting reproduction and recruitment. However, ivory gulls live in remote areas, and it is difficult to assess the population trend of the species across its distribution. Here we present complementary microsatellite- and SNP-based genetic analyses to test a recent bottleneck genetic signal in ivory gulls over a large portion of their distribution. With attention to the potential effects of population structure, mutation patterns, and sample size, we found no significant signatures of population decline worldwide. At a finer scale, we found a significant bottleneck signal at one location in Canada. These results were compared with predictions from simulations showing how generation time and generation overlap can delay and reduce the bottleneck microsatellite heterozygosity excess signal. The consistency of the results obtained with independent methods strongly indicates that the species shows no genetic evidence of an overall decline in population size. However, drawing conclusions related to the species' population trends will require a better understanding of the effect of age structure in long-lived species. In addition, estimates of the effective global population size of ivory gulls were surprisingly low (~1000 ind.), suggesting that the evolutionary potential of the species is not assured.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9076905PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41437-022-00515-3DOI Listing

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