Nutrient-depended metabolic switching during batch cultivation of explored with absolute quantitative mass spectrometry-based metabolite profiling.

Unlabelled: The well-known secondary metabolite-producing bacterium is a natural choice for the development of super-hosts optimized for the heterologous expression of antibiotic biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). In this study, we used M145 and its derivative strain M1146 where all active BGCs have been deleted and generated high-resolution quantitative time series metabolite profiles under two cultivation conditions (phosphate and nitrogen limitation to cease growth and trigger secondary metabolism). Five targeted LC-MS/MS-based methods were used to quantify intracellular primary metabolites covering phosphorylated metabolites, amino acids, organic acids, (deoxy) nucleoside/sugar phosphates, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), and Coenzyme A (CoA. The nitrogen limitation resulted in a sharp decline in respiration and an immediate drop in the cell mass concentration. Intracellularly, a reduction in the level of the metabolites next to α-ketoglutarate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and a decrease in the NADH pool were among the most prominent adaptation to this nutrient limitation. Phosphate limitation evoked a different adaptation of the metabolite pools as most of the phosphorylated metabolite pools except 6-phosphogluconic acid (6PG) pool were downregulated. C-isotope-labeling experiments revealed the simultaneous activity of both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis during the co-utilization of glucose and glutamate. The M1146 strain had similar time-series metabolite profile dynamics as the parent M145 strain, except for a visibly increased 6PG pool in the stationary phase. In general, the nutrient limitation had a larger effect on the metabolite pool levels than the absence of secondary metabolite production in M1146. This study provides new insight into the primary carbon metabolism and its link to the secondary metabolism which is needed for further optimization of both super-host genotype and cultivation conditions.

Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03146-x.