Transient receptor potential channels in multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma is the second most commonly diagnosed hematologic malignancy. As an incurable disease, the molecular mechanisms underlying its many aspects remain unclear. Intracellular calcium ion is an essential signaling molecule that modulates malignant cell behavior, and abnormal regulation of cellular calcium homeostasis may promote cancer cell survival and induce drug resistance. Transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channels are a superfamily of non-selective Ca-permeable channels that regulate intracellular calcium signaling and are involved in the regulation of various characteristics of cancer cells. Emerging evidence shows a close connection between TRP channels and multiple myeloma. This review summarizes the roles of TRP channels in multiple myeloma progression, metastasis, bone destruction, and drug resistance. TRPV1 and TRPV2 orchestrate the progression of multiple myeloma, while TRPM7 promotes myeloma cell dissemination and spreading. TRPV2 and TRPV4, that activate osteoclasts, contribute to the development of osteolytic bone disease caused by multiple myeloma. Both TRPV1 inhibition and TRPV2 activation synergize with bortezomib in the chemotherapy of multiple myeloma, and TRPC1 can determine the responsiveness of multiple myeloma to MTI-101, a cyclic beta-hairpin peptide. Antagonizing TRPA1 can alleviate bortezomib-induced painful peripheral neuropathy. Future studies in this field may identify certain TRP channels as markers or therapeutic targets for predicting the prognosis, preventing progression, and improving drug responsiveness in patients with multiple myeloma.