SignificanceDual-function RNAs base pair with target messenger RNAs as small regulatory RNAs and encode small protein regulators. However, only a limited number of these dual-function regulators have been identified. In this study, we show that a well-characterized base-pairing small RNA surprisingly also encodes a 15-amino acid protein. The very small protein binds the cyclic adenosine monophosphate receptor protein transcription factor to block activation of some promoters, raising the question of how many other transcription factors are modulated by unidentified small proteins.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2119866119 | DOI Listing |
Viruses
October 2024
Graduate School of Plant Protection and Quarantine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea.
This article reviews the literature concerning the largely forgotten tobamovirus gene products for which no functions have been ascribed. One of these gene products is the 54 kDa protein, representing the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase segment of the 183 kDa protein translated from the I-subgenomic mRNA, but which has been found only by in vitro translation and not . The other is a collection of small proteins, expressed from alternative reading frames (likely from internal ribosome entry sites) in either or both the gene or the gene.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Cancer Res
November 2024
Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Purpose: Antibodies to select Epstein-Barr virus proteins can diagnose early-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We have previously shown that IgA against Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) can predict incident NPC in high- and intermediate-risk cohorts 4 years before diagnosis. Here, we tested EBNA1 variants, with mutants, to define the sequence requirements for an NPC risk assay.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Sens
July 2024
Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.
The ability of proteins to sense and transmit mechanical forces underlies many biological processes, but characterizing these forces in biological systems remains a challenge. Existing genetically encoded force sensors typically rely on fluorescence or bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (FRET or BRET) to visualize tension. However, these force sensing modules are relatively large, and interpreting measurements requires specialized image analysis and careful control experiments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTree Physiol
July 2024
College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Shangxiadian Road 15, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
Flavonoids (especially anthocyanins and catechins) and amino acids represent a high abundance of health-promoting metabolites. Although we observed abscisic acid accumulation in purple leaves and low levels in albino tea leaves, the specific mechanism behind its impact on flavor compounds remains unclear. In this study, we treated tea leaves with exogenous abscisic acid and abscisic acid biosynthesis inhibitors (Flu), measured physiological indicators and conducted comprehensive transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to elucidate the potential mechanisms underlying color change.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDev Neurobiol
July 2024
Department of Biology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
The Pcdhg gene cluster encodes 22 γ-Protocadherin (γ-Pcdh) cell adhesion molecules that critically regulate multiple aspects of neural development, including neuronal survival, dendritic and axonal arborization, and synapse formation and maturation. Each γ-Pcdh isoform has unique protein domains-a homophilically interacting extracellular domain and a juxtamembrane cytoplasmic domain-as well as a C-terminal cytoplasmic domain shared by all isoforms. The extent to which isoform-specific versus shared domains regulate distinct γ-Pcdh functions remains incompletely understood.
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