Maternal serum midkine level increases in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus: a case-control study.

Objective: We aimed to compare maternal serum midkine level in pregnant women with different types of diabetes mellitus (DM) and healthy pregnant women. We also assessed maternal serum midkine level performance to predict adverse neonatal outcomes in the DM group.

Methods: The study included 57 pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and 41 pregnant women with preexisting DMThe control group consisted of 98 healthy pregnant women.

Results: Serum midkine level is higher in the DM group than healthy ones (0.93 ± 0.8 vs. 0.23 ± 0.2, <.001). When the diabetic groups were compared, the highest serum midkine level was found in GDM, followed by Type 1 DM and Type 2 DM (1.33 ± 0.9 ng/ml, 0.58 ± 0.5 ng/ml vs. 0.30 ± 0.2, respectively). Maternal serum midkine level was higher in the DM group with adverse perinatal outcomes than those without adverse outcomes, but there was no statistical difference (0.97 ± 0.91vs. 0.87 ± 0.73, =.571).

Conclusions: Serum midkine level was significantly higher in pregnant women with GDM, Type 1, and 2 DM than healthy ones. Serum midkine level did not predict adverse neonatal outcomes in the DM group.