Purpose: To report a cohort of patients diagnosed with retinal metastases (RM), and to integrate these new cases in a systematic review of the literature, analyzing the clinical features and prognosis factors of patients with RM.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective multicenter study including patients with RM. We also performed a full literature review of all published cases with a diagnosis of RM.
Results: A total of six new cases were described on multimodal imaging. By combining the data from the literature and from our patients, we report the characteristics of a total of 69 patients. The most frequent primary tumor sites were cutaneous melanoma (36%), lung (23%), gastrointestinal tract (17%), and breast (12%). Multimodal imaging highlighted specific characteristics of RM. Fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography revealed early hypofluorescence followed by progressive filling of intrinsic dilated vessels. Optical coherence tomography demonstrated a hyperreflective intraretinal mass in all cases with or without subretinal fluid, hyperreflective intraretinal dots, or intraretinal fluid. Ultrasonography revealed a medium-high reflective dome-shaped tumor. Fifty-nine percent of the patients died during the follow-up with a mean survival time of 8.8 ± 8.7 months.
Conclusion: We described here the clinical spectrum of RM and highlighted specific features of the disease.
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